Vaccine adjuvants are substances that can non-specifically alter or enhance the body's specific immune responses to an antigen and serve as adjuvants. Adjuvants can induce the body to produce long-term and efficient specific immune responses, improve the body's protective ability, reduce the number of immune substances, and save the cost of vaccine production. Generally speaking, traditional live attenuated vaccines and whole bacterial vaccines do not need to add adjuvants due to their adjuvant properties. Inactivated viruses and recombinant proteins are commonly weak in anti-cause immunogenicity, therefore, adjuvants are often used to enhance and regulate their antigen immunogenicity without increasing side effects.
Adjuvants can be classified according to their sources (natural, synthetic, or endogenous), mechanisms, and physical or chemical properties.
Although a variety of new adjuvants have been applied in clinical practice, their mechanism on the immune system is still not completely clear up to now. At present, it is believed that there are the following kinds:
CPG ODN is a new immune booster, which can be synthesized by chemical methods in large quantities. It has the advantages of easy quality control and low cost. A large number of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that CpG ODN has a good application prospect in the prevention and treatment of diseases like infections, tumors, and allergies.
Based on Kayraklioglu's statistics, there have been more than 100 clinical trials using K-type CpG ODN as an adjuvant worldwide, and more than 1,500 preclinical studies involving the immune activity of CpG ODN adjuvant vaccines have been published. CpG ODN adjuvant vaccine can be mainly divided into pathogen vaccine, allergen vaccine, and tumor vaccine. In addition, its immune enhancement effect in DNA vaccine is also being gradually explored:
After a global pandemic outbreak in 2020, CpG ODN adjuvant can improve vaccine immune response while reducing the amount of antigen required for each dose of vaccine, thus improving the efficiency of vaccine production. As widely used adjuvants in clinical practice, CpG1018 and CpG2006 are commonly applied in recombinant protein COVID-19 vaccine and become necessary adjuvants with an annual demand of mt, which poses a great challenge to the manufacturing of this product.
The most critical step in the synthesis process of CPG-ODN is solid phase synthesis, which is mainly completed by an oligonucleotide synthesizer at present. However, due to the increasing demand driven by the current research and development of oligonucleotides, a new solution is urgently needed to meet the production demand.
BOC RNA takes technological innovation as its core driving force and relies on its technical advantages, quality control operation management system, and platform advantages accumulated over the years to extend the service chain, expand the service field and deliver high-standard products. BOC RNA provides a variety of CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) to help improve immune stimulation responses. All products are purified by HPLC and supplied in freeze-dried powder form.
CpG ODN adjuvants are widely used to enhance immune activation in vaccine development, study antigen presentation, evaluate adjuvant synergy, and optimize immune response in preclinical models.
They enhance antigen-specific responses, reduce the required antigen dose, and can be combined with other adjuvants or delivery systems to study immune modulation in experimental settings.
Key factors include sequence type (K-type, D-type, etc.), nucleotide modifications, length, and secondary structure, which influence stability, receptor activation, and overall immune stimulation.
Yes, we offer scalable synthesis and purification, enabling researchers to generate panels of CpG ODN sequences efficiently for comparative studies or high-throughput screening.
CpG ODN typically binds Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, triggering downstream signaling pathways that enhance cytokine production and antigen presentation in experimental studies.
All CpG ODN products are HPLC-purified, sequence-verified, and supplied in freeze-dried form, ensuring reproducibility, high purity, and reliable performance in laboratory experiments.
