GalNAc Labeling of Oligonucleotides

What is GalNAc?

GalNAc stands for N-Acetylgalactosamine, a monosaccharide that belongs to the galactosamine group. It is the N-acetylation product of galactose and has a galactose-like chemical structure, but with an acetyl group at the C2 position. GalNAc plays a variety of biological roles in organisms, especially in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is a component of many glycoproteins (such as mucins) and glycolipids, and is involved in cell surface signaling, cell adhesion, and other cell-cell interactions. In addition, GalNAc is associated with the sugar chain modification O-Acetylgalactosamine, a derivative of GalNAc that usually forms part of the sugar chain along with other sugar groups. These glycan chain modifications have a variety of important functions in biology, such as playing a role in protein recognition, secretion and degradation.

What is GalNAc Labeling Oligonucleotide?

By labeling GalNAc onto oligonucleotides, GalNAc-tagged oligonucleotides have achieved improved specific recognition and biological activity, and can be widely used in the development of drug delivery system s, especially GalNAc-oligonucleotide conjugation .The introduction of GalNAc into an oligonucleotide can alter its biological properties and enhance its interaction with specific receptors or molecules, thereby affecting intracellular signal transduction or other biological processes. specific receptors or molecules, thereby affecting intracellular signaling or other biological processes. Such labeling is usually achieved by chemical synthesis, during which GalNAc is attached to specific sites in the oligonucleotide.

Figure 1. GalNAc-mediated siRNA and ASO delivery to liver hepatocytes. (H, Cui.; et al, 2021)

Applications of GalNAc Labeling Oligonucleotides

The application areas of GalNAc labeling oligonucleotide cover a wide range of fields, including gene expression studies, RNA interference, drug discovery and development.

• Gene expression studies: GalNAc labeling oligonucleotide can be used to study gene expression and regulation. By introducing GalNAc into oligonucleotides, selective labeling of specific genes or mRNAs can be achieved, thus helping to study the function and regulatory mechanisms of genes.
• RNA interference: GalNAc labeling oligonucleotide can be used in RNA interference research, which is a technique that silences the expression of specific genes by directing RNA disassembly, and GalNAc labeling can enhance the binding of oligonucleotides to the target mRNA to improve the effect of RNA interference.
• Drug discovery: In the field of oligonucleotide drug discovery, GalNAc labeling oligonucleotide can be used to design and optimize targeted drugs. Introducing GalNAc into an oligonucleotide can improve its distribution and specific binding in the liver, which can help develop novel drugs to treat liver disease.
• Cell signaling studies: By labeling RNA molecules involved in cell signaling in oligonucleotides, it is possible to delve into the mechanisms of regulation and interaction of intracellular signaling pathways.

BOC Sciences Offers GalNAc Labeling Oligonucleotides

BOC Sciences is committed to providing GalNAc-labeled oligonucleotides and custom synthesis services to support your use of this technology in oligonucleotide drug research and drug development. Our service process is optimized from more than 10 years of experience in oligonucleotide synthesis.

1. Technical Consultation and Support

BOC Sciences provides professional consultation on GalNAc labeling technologies, including advice on experimental design and data analysis.

2. Sequence Design and Synthesis

BOC Sciences provides GalNAc linkage position selection and sequence optimization services, as well as services for designing and synthesizing GalNAc labeling oligonucleotides according to your research needs. Of course, you can also provide the sequence or synthesis template directly and we will be happy to continue with the subsequent modification services.

3. GalNAc Labeling

BOC Sciences specializes in the preparation of oligonucleotides with multiple consecutive GalNAc additions at the 5' end, through our GalNAc C3 series products.

4. Purification and Characterization

Based on full quality control, BOC Sciences will also purify and characterize the synthesized pairs of synthesized GalNAc labeling oligonucleotides to finalize the high purity and quality of the product.

5. Biological Functional Evaluation

BOC Sciences can assist you in evaluating the biological functions of GalNAc labeling oligonucleotides, such as cellular delivery, hepatic stem cell targeting and uptake effects.

Based on industry-leading oligonucleotide synthesis technology platforms and state-of-the-art equipment, more tailor-made services not mentioned are available at BOC Sciences. Please relax and contact us, we always look forward to partnering with you.

Reference

1. H, Cui.; et al. Liver-Targeted Delivery of Oligonucleotides with N-Acetylgalactosamine Conjugation. ACS Omega. 2021, 6(25): 16259-16265.

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GalNAc Labeling of Oligonucleotides

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