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Controlled Pore Glass (CPG) is a critical solid support used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, directly influencing coupling efficiency, yield, and batch-to-batch consistency in DNA and RNA manufacturing. In both research and CDMO production environments, the selection of appropriate CPGs—including pore size, loading capacity, and surface chemistry—is essential for achieving reliable and scalable oligonucleotide synthesis. This page provides a practical overview of CPGs for oligo synthesis, covering key technical specifications, application scenarios, quality control considerations, and supply factors relevant to process development, scale-up, and long-term manufacturing programs.
Controlled Pore Glass (CPG) is a rigid, inorganic solid support widely used in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, particularly in phosphoramidite-based oligonucleotide synthesis. During DNA and RNA synthesis, CPG serves as the stationary phase onto which the first nucleosides used in oligonucleotide synthesis are immobilized, enabling stepwise chain elongation with high efficiency and reproducibility.
In CDMO and manufacturing environments, the physical and chemical properties of CPG play a critical role in determining coupling efficiency, process robustness, and batch-to-batch consistency. An appropriate CPG must provide:
As oligonucleotide chains grow longer, diffusion limitations and steric hindrance become increasingly significant. Therefore, pore size and surface loading of CPG are key risk factors in long and complex oligonucleotide manufacturing projects, especially for RNA, modified RNA, and therapeutic oligos. Our CPGs are engineered with these challenges in mind, supporting process development, scale-up, and routine manufacturing for DNA and RNA oligonucleotides.
Because tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) is not base-stable, procedures for cleaving and deprotecting labeled oligonucleotides must be carefully considered. For example, to simplify the preparation of TAMRA oligonucleotides, 3'-TAMRA CPG for 3' labeling and TAMRA-dT for in-sequence labeling are available.
Fluorescein CPG is traditionally used to add fluorescein labeling to the 3'-end. For example, 3'-(6-FAM) CPG effectively blocks polymerase extension and exonuclease digestion at the 3'-end.
The phosphate functional group on the surface of DMT-Phosphate-CPG usually carries a DMT protecting group. DMT is a commonly used protecting group that protects the phosphate group from non-specific reactions during nucleotide synthesis. The DMT protecting group can be easily removed at the end of the synthesis to expose the phosphate group for further modification. CPGs have a pore size and pore structure that can be tuned similar to that of conventional CPGs. This controllable pore size facilitates efficient solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and ensures good attachment and stability of the phosphate functional groups.
Aminopropyl-CPG is a CPG modified by an aminopropyl functional group, and we can provide products with pore sizes ranging from 300 Å-2000 Å. The products can be used for the amination modification of nucleotides, and by introducing an amino functional group, the chemistry and reactivity of nucleotides can be extended.
The pore size and pore structure of CPGs can be tuned as needed, typically in the range of 3-30 nanometers. This controllable pore size and pore structure helps ensure efficient solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides.
CPGs have a large amount of surface activity, providing enough binding sites to allow nucleotide immobilization and chemical reactions to take place during the synthesis process.
CPGs have good chemical stability and can be used under common nucleotide synthesis reaction conditions. They can tolerate synthesis conditions such as alkaline conditions, organic solvents, and high temperatures, thus ensuring high-quality oligonucleotide synthesis.
CPGs can be scaled and adjusted as needed for both small-scale research and large-scale industrial production.
We offer CPGs with controlled and reproducible pore sizes to support different synthesis strategies and oligo lengths:
Larger pore sizes improve reagent diffusion and reduce steric hindrance, helping maintain coupling efficiency during extended synthesis cycles common in CDMO manufacturing workflows.
Our CPGs for oligo synthesis provide high and precisely controlled loading capacity, supporting predictable synthesis scale and consistent performance in CDMO manufacturing.
Carefully controlled particle size distribution ensures:
This contributes to instrument-to-instrument reproducibility and reduced process variability.
The CPG surface is functionalized to provide:
This stability helps reduce the risk of premature cleavage or surface degradation during long manufacturing campaigns.
Our CPGs are designed to support process development and routine manufacturing of oligonucleotides in CDMO and industrial settings.
Widely used in the process development and routine production of DNA oligonucleotides, our CPGs support:
RNA and modified RNA synthesis place higher demands on solid supports due to increased steric hindrance and sensitivity to reaction conditions. Our 1000 Å and 2000 Å CPGs are optimized for:
Enhanced pore accessibility helps mitigate common risks associated with long RNA synthesis.
For long or complex sequences commonly encountered in CDMO manufacturing projects, our CPGs are engineered to:
Our CPGs are designed for seamless compatibility with automated DNA and RNA oligonucleotide synthesizers, supporting stable and reproducible performance in both development and manufacturing environments.
Broad instrument compatibility enables consistent performance across commonly used research and production-scale synthesizer platforms.
Our quality control system is designed to support process qualification, scale-up, and long-term manufacturing consistency, where material variability can directly impact downstream validation and regulatory timelines.
Each batch is tested to confirm:
This ensures predictable synthesis scale and reproducible oligo yields across batches.
Routine testing verifies:
These parameters are critical for reagent accessibility, flow stability, and instrument-to-instrument consistency.
Moisture control is essential for minimizing risk in phosphoramidite-based synthesis. Our CPGs are processed and packaged to maintain low moisture levels, helping protect coupling efficiency and reagent stability.
Each batch is supplied with:
This documentation supports process transfer, scale-up validation, and customer or regulatory audits in CDMO environments.
Selecting the right CPG is critical for achieving consistent performance in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis, especially in CDMO and manufacturing environments where scale, reproducibility, and supply reliability matter. Our technical and sourcing teams can support CPG selection, specification alignment, and customization based on your synthesis platform, oligo length, and project stage. Please contact us to discuss your requirements or submit an RFQ to evaluate supply options for your program.
For long DNA or RNA sequences, 1000 Å or 2000 Å CPG is generally recommended to improve reagent diffusion and maintain coupling efficiency during extended synthesis cycles.
Loading capacity influences both yield and coupling efficiency. Controlled and reproducible loading is essential for minimizing batch-to-batch variability in long-term manufacturing programs.
Each batch is supplied with a Certificate of Analysis (COA) and full traceability to support audits and quality reviews.
Yes. We support material supply from early process development through scale-up and routine manufacturing.
CPGs should be stored in a dry, tightly sealed container at room temperature to maintain surface functionality and consistent performance.
