Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) represent a newly recognized class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, translation, and cellular stress responses. Their diverse biological roles and functional versatility have made tsRNAs a critical focus in molecular biology, biomarker exploration, and RNA-based therapeutic research. However, due to their intricate secondary structures and susceptibility to degradation, naturally occurring tsRNAs often face challenges in maintaining stability and consistent biological performance in experimental and applied settings. To address these limitations, BOC Sciences provides a comprehensive tsRNA Modification Service, offering precise and customized chemical and structural modifications that enhance tsRNA integrity, stability, and functional fidelity. Our expertise in RNA chemistry enables us to design and produce highly stable, reproducible, and application-specific tsRNAs to meet the most demanding research requirements.
Working with natural tsRNAs often presents difficulties that compromise data reliability and functional analysis. BOC Sciences' tsRNA Modification Service provides targeted solutions that directly address these obstacles, ensuring your research outcomes are consistent, reproducible, and biologically relevant.
Improved Molecular Stability: Chemical modifications such as 2′-O-methylation and phosphorothioate linkages shield tsRNAs from RNase degradation, significantly extending their half-life in cellular and in vitro environments.
Enhanced Functional Accuracy: Base modifications like pseudouridine and m5C preserve natural folding and reduce secondary structure artifacts, ensuring accurate molecular interactions.
Optimized Target Specificity: Customized modification patterns minimize off-target binding and improve hybridization precision in functional assays.
Superior Assay Compatibility: Modified tsRNAs demonstrate robust performance in qPCR, sequencing, and transfection-based experiments, eliminating inconsistencies seen with unmodified RNAs.
Through precise chemical design and expert synthesis, BOC Sciences enables researchers to unlock the full potential of tsRNAs—transforming fragile molecules into reliable tools for discovery and innovation.
BOC Sciences delivers a full suite of tsRNA-specific modification services designed to enhance RNA integrity, functionality, and research performance. Unlike generic oligonucleotide modifications, our tsRNA-focused strategies are developed based on the unique structure, origin, and biological behavior of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs and tiRNAs). Each modification type is optimized for precise control of stability, folding, and molecular interactions.
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) inherit many of the structural and chemical characteristics of their parental tRNAs, including complex secondary structures and post-transcriptional modifications that are critical for stability and biological function. To faithfully reproduce or manipulate these natural features, BOC Sciences offers a comprehensive suite of nucleotide-level modification services specifically optimized for tsRNAs. These modifications are designed to fine-tune folding, hybridization, and interaction dynamics, enabling researchers to achieve precise control over tsRNA activity in vitro and in cellular systems. Our modification capabilities include a broad spectrum of naturally occurring and synthetic nucleotide variants:
| Choose tsRNA Modifications | Description | Price |
| Pseudouridylation (Ψ) | Enhances base stacking and increases overall structural rigidity, improving thermostability and lifespan in biological fluids. | Inquiry |
| 5-Methylcytidine (m⁵C) | Regulates secondary structure and stabilizes base-pairing interactions, making tsRNAs less prone to spontaneous misfolding or degradation. | Inquiry |
| 1-Methyladenosine (m¹A) and N⁶-Methyladenosine (m⁶A) | Influence RNA–protein recognition and modulate translation-related signaling, often linked to tsRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression. | Inquiry |
| 2′-O-Methylation (Nm) | Provides exceptional resistance to endonuclease cleavage and protects against immune activation in cellular environments. | Inquiry |
| 7-Methylguanosine (m⁷G) | Contributes to local secondary structure stabilization, reducing susceptibility to RNase activity and increasing assay reproducibility. | Inquiry |
These nucleotide-level modifications can be introduced site-specifically based on the origin and sequence of the parental tRNA (e.g., 5′-tRFs, 3′-tRFs, or stress-induced tiRNAs). Through the use of bioinformatics-guided design and chemical synthesis, BOC Sciences precisely integrates these chemical marks to replicate native tsRNA modification patterns or to create synthetic analogs with enhanced functional properties—supporting both mechanistic exploration and translational RNA research.
The backbone architecture of tsRNAs plays a decisive role in maintaining molecular conformation, hybridization affinity, and resistance to enzymatic degradation. However, unmodified tsRNAs are highly sensitive to RNases, temperature fluctuations, and intracellular nucleases, which can lead to inconsistent or misleading experimental results. To overcome these challenges, BOC Sciences provides a range of backbone and phosphodiester modification services specifically designed to strengthen tsRNA structural integrity without compromising biological functionality. Our backbone modification strategies focus on enhancing both chemical stability and biological performance:
| Choose tsRNA Modifications | Description | Price |
| Phosphorothioate (PS) Linkages | Replace non-bridging oxygen atoms with sulfur, creating a nuclease-resistant backbone that significantly prolongs tsRNA half-life in serum or cell lysates. | Inquiry |
| 2′-Fluoro (2′-F) Substitutions | Maintain Watson–Crick pairing while increasing ribose rigidity, ensuring improved folding and hybridization consistency. | Inquiry |
| Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs) | Introduce conformational constraints in the ribose ring to increase duplex melting temperature and strengthen target affinity in RNA–RNA or RNA–DNA interactions. | Inquiry |
| Morpholino Backbones | Offer neutral charge and extreme stability under physiological conditions, ideal for tsRNA antisense analogs or mechanistic blocking experiments. | Inquiry |
Each modification type can be applied individually or in combination, allowing researchers to balance durability, flexibility, and hybridization strength according to their study goals. These backbone-engineered tsRNAs are particularly valuable for demanding applications such as RNA pull-down assays, in vitro translation inhibition, ribonucleoprotein complex mapping, and bioassays requiring prolonged incubation. Through precise control of backbone chemistry, BOC Sciences enables scientists to obtain tsRNA molecules that remain structurally stable and functionally reliable even under rigorous experimental conditions.
Terminal modifications are critical for extending tsRNA versatility in experimental systems, particularly when visualization, immobilization, or selective enrichment is required. Because tsRNAs often participate in RNA–protein and RNA–RNA interactions, precise control over 5′ and 3′ terminal chemistry enables researchers to track molecular behavior, improve transfection outcomes, and streamline downstream analytical workflows. BOC Sciences offers an extensive range of terminal and functional group modification services tailored for tsRNA research, supporting both analytical and functional applications. Our 5′- and 3′-end modification capabilities include:
| Choose tsRNA Modifications | Description | Price |
| 5′-End Modifications | Addition of phosphate, amine, thiol, biotin, or fluorescent dyes (e.g., FAM, Cy3, Cy5) for enhanced transfection efficiency, real-time imaging, or surface immobilization on biosensors. | Inquiry |
| 3′-End Modifications | Incorporation of inverted dT, biotin, or amine groups to protect against exonuclease degradation and enable affinity purification via streptavidin or antibody-based systems. | Inquiry |
| Dual-Labeling Options | Simultaneous labeling at both ends for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays or fluorescence-based hybridization kinetics studies. | Inquiry |
| Capping and Dephosphorylation Services | Tailored 5′-capping or 3′-end processing to optimize ligation efficiency in library construction or sequencing workflows. | Inquiry |
These terminal modifications are especially advantageous for tsRNA localization and trafficking studies, interaction mapping, and quantitative fluorescence imaging. Researchers can monitor intracellular tsRNA distribution, detect binding partners, or isolate specific complexes with exceptional sensitivity and reproducibility. Every modified product is thoroughly validated using fluorescence spectroscopy, HPLC, and LC–MS to ensure labeling efficiency, purity, and functional compatibility. With BOC Sciences' terminal modification solutions, scientists gain precise control over tsRNA visualization, purification, and analytical performance, empowering high-resolution exploration of tsRNA biology.
The biological activity of tsRNAs is often governed by specific combinations and spatial distributions of chemical modifications. To reproduce these natural patterns or engineer enhanced molecular properties, BOC Sciences offers combinatorial and site-specific tsRNA modification design services that deliver precise chemical control at the nucleotide level. Our combinatorial modification platform enables multiple chemical marks within a single tsRNA molecule to fine-tune structure, stability, and function. Common designs include:
For site-specific modifications, we apply bioinformatics-guided modeling and tRNA modification mapping to identify functionally relevant positions, such as those within D-loops, TΨC arms, or anticodon stem-derived regions. Each modification pattern is optimized to preserve native folding or test targeted functional hypotheses. For site-specific modifications, we apply bioinformatics-guided modeling and tRNA modification mapping to identify functionally relevant positions, such as those within D-loops, TΨC arms, or anticodon stem-derived regions. Each modification pattern is optimized to preserve native folding or test targeted functional hypotheses.
At BOC Sciences, our tsRNA modification workflow is built around scientific precision, deep structural understanding, and rigorous analytical control. Every stage—from initial concept to final validation—is optimized to ensure that the modified tsRNAs you receive demonstrate the intended biological performance, stability, and reproducibility.
We begin by understanding the scientific context of your project—whether it involves functional characterization, biomarker discovery, or mechanistic exploration. Our experts evaluate the target tsRNA's sequence, natural modification pattern, and structural motifs (e.g., anticodon loop or D-arm fragments). This structural insight guides modification design, ensuring that chemical substitutions or base analogs enhance function without disrupting native folding or biological recognition.
Using advanced bioinformatics and secondary structure prediction algorithms, we design modification strategies tailored to your objectives. Each modification—such as 2′-O-methylation, pseudouridylation, or phosphorothioate substitution—is strategically placed based on its predicted impact on thermal stability, hybridization affinity, and enzymatic resistance. Our proprietary modeling pipeline simulates molecular interactions to predict how modifications influence target binding and intracellular kinetics.
Once the design is finalized, synthesis is performed using high-throughput, solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis with controlled reagent addition. Our specialized synthesis platforms allow accurate site-specific incorporation of modified nucleotides, minimizing coupling inefficiencies and ensuring uniform modification distribution. This step integrates both standard and noncanonical nucleotide chemistries to support complex or multi-modified tsRNAs.
Following synthesis, each tsRNA undergoes a stabilization process to enhance secondary and tertiary structural integrity. Controlled annealing and folding protocols are applied to recover native-like conformations, followed by optional capping, terminal labeling, or chemical protection depending on the application. This ensures the modified tsRNA maintains functional conformations critical for downstream interactions and assays.
BOC Sciences employs multi-step purification strategies, including ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC, to achieve high purity and removal of incomplete sequences or free modifications. Structural identity and modification accuracy are confirmed using LC–MS, NMR, and enzymatic digestion mapping. Every tsRNA product is accompanied by a detailed analytical report verifying base composition, modification sites, and overall molecular integrity.
Finally, purified and validated tsRNAs are delivered with comprehensive documentation—chromatograms, MS spectra, and functional annotations. Our scientific support team provides consultation on reconstitution, assay integration, and future modification iterations. For long-term projects, we also offer modification benchmarking, where different chemistries are tested side-by-side to identify the most stable and biologically active configuration.
Direct access to our technical specialists for post-delivery consultations, ensuring full understanding and utilization of the results.
When precision, reproducibility, and molecular performance are critical, BOC Sciences stands out as a trusted partner in tsRNA modification. Our platform combines advanced chemistry, deep scientific insight, and comprehensive quality control to deliver tsRNAs that meet the exacting standards of modern RNA research.
Our scientific team comprises RNA chemists and molecular biologists with extensive experience in oligonucleotide design and modification. From canonical base alterations to rare structural analogs, we possess the expertise to handle even the most complex tsRNA architectures. This depth of knowledge ensures that every modification—no matter how intricate—is both technically feasible and biologically meaningful.
Rather than relying on generic modification templates, we develop project-specific strategies guided by the tsRNA's sequence context, structural constraints, and intended application. Whether the goal is to enhance nuclease resistance, improve hybridization, or mimic endogenous post-transcriptional modifications, our design is data-driven and biologically informed.
BOC Sciences employs computational modeling to predict thermodynamic effects, folding stability, and hybridization kinetics of modified tsRNAs before synthesis. These predictions are experimentally validated through high-resolution analytical assays, ensuring the modification pattern produces the desired molecular behavior—bridging computational design and empirical accuracy.
Every modified tsRNA undergoes rigorous analytical validation, including HPLC, LC–MS/MS, and enzymatic digestion mapping, to confirm modification efficiency, positional accuracy, and overall purity. Our quality control process guarantees that your tsRNAs are structurally verified, reproducible, and free from synthesis-related impurities that could confound experimental outcomes.
We accommodate projects ranging from single-site substitutions to combinatorial, multi-modified constructs. Our synthesis platform supports rare and nonstandard modifications—including pseudouridine, m5C, and LNA—and allows simultaneous incorporation of multiple chemistries within one molecule. Each project is handled individually to align with the researcher's experimental objectives.
Whether you require microgram-scale tsRNAs for discovery assays or milligram quantities for extensive validation, BOC Sciences offers scalable production with consistent quality control standards. Our streamlined synthesis-to-validation pipeline ensures reliable timelines and batch-to-batch reproducibility.
Partner with BOC Sciences to experience a seamless combination of scientific depth, customization, and analytical rigor—delivering modified tsRNAs that perform with reliability and precision across your most demanding research applications.
The versatility and complexity of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) make them both promising and challenging molecules to study. Their biological significance spans from gene expression regulation to cellular communication and disease progression. However, leveraging tsRNAs effectively in experimental systems requires stability, reproducibility, and precise molecular behavior — all of which can be dramatically improved through tsRNA Modification Services. At BOC Sciences, our advanced modification technologies enable researchers to unlock the full functional potential of tsRNAs across diverse scientific and translational applications.
Modified tsRNAs provide unparalleled control in elucidating how tsRNAs regulate gene expression, translation, and intercellular signaling.
The unique stability and structural tunability achieved through tsRNA modification make them ideal candidates for biomarker exploration and validation.
While tsRNAs are primarily studied for their regulatory functions, their modified forms hold emerging potential as therapeutic candidates or delivery enhancers.
tsRNAs present unique analytical challenges due to extensive natural modifications and secondary structures. Our tsRNA modification services facilitate cleaner, more accurate high-throughput analyses.
Modified tsRNAs are increasingly used as research reagents and molecular tools in a variety of applications.
In synthetic biology, tsRNAs are being reimagined as modular building blocks for gene regulation and molecular design.
Through our tsRNA Modification Services, BOC Sciences empowers scientists to bridge the gap between natural tsRNA biology and applied molecular innovation. Whether for mechanistic discovery, diagnostic development, or synthetic design, our advanced modification capabilities transform tsRNAs into powerful tools driving the next generation of RNA research.
tsRNA modification refers to the chemical or structural alteration of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs to enhance their stability, functionality, and biological activity. Modifications such as methylation, phosphorothioate linkage, or pseudouridylation prevent degradation and ensure more reliable experimental outcomes.
Unmodified tsRNAs are prone to degradation and secondary structural artifacts. Proper modifications help maintain molecular integrity, improve hybridization specificity, and reduce background noise, ensuring reproducible and biologically relevant results.
Carefully designed modifications enhance binding affinity, structural stability, and cellular uptake without disrupting native function. In some cases, modifications can even improve binding kinetics and target selectivity.
Yes. Chemically modified tsRNAs display higher nuclease resistance and superior transfection efficiency, making them ideal for cell-based assays, functional validation, and mechanistic studies.
Yes. Our RNA experts offer free design consultation, evaluating parameters like GC content, predicted secondary structures, and modification placement to maximize experimental performance.
Yes. BOC Sciences specializes in multi-site and multi-type combinatorial modifications for complex studies, allowing precise control over structural and functional features.
Empower your RNA studies with precision-engineered tsRNA modifications from BOC Sciences. Our expertise, reliability, and commitment to scientific excellence ensure your research achieves the highest possible impact.
Get A Quote
