siRNA Services

BOC Sciences recognizes the immense potential of gene therapy, particularly through the utilization of small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. For more than 20 years of experience in the industry, BOC Sciences has long been a pioneer of siRNA services provider, advancing innovative offerings for biological science researchers globally.

What is siRNA?

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, first observed in plants and C. elegans, and later in mammalian cells. This advance was recognized as one of the greatest strides in biology and in 2006, Andrew Fire and Craig C. Mello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their effort in the creation of RNAi technology. Currently, RNAi is emerging as a promising area of cancer therapy. The two effector molecules of the RNAi are small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA). siRNA is a group of small (20-30 nucleotides), double stranded, non-coding single stranded RNA impressed molecules. One of the most crucial levels of genome function that siRNA regulates is gene expression in eukaryotes, an event that entails both estrogen and non estrogen-regulated responses, for example chromosome segregation, chromatin structure, RNA processing, RNA stability, transcription, and translation.

How Does siRNA Work?

The mechanism of siRNA action is elegantly simple yet remarkably powerful. Once they are brought into the cell, the siRNA molecules are cleaved by an enzyme called Dicer, resulting in short double-stranded fragments. One of them, the guide strand, is assembled into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and is used as a template for target recognition. Once loaded onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), the siRNA guides the RISC complex to the matching target mRNA and promotes the degradation of the mRNA, and hence, the gene that it encodes. Yet this mechanism occurs with exquisite specificity, allowing scientists to target the expression of genes associated with a disease without affecting other healthy genes.

• Long double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is cleaved by an RNase III-like enzyme named Dicer. Dicer cuts the long dsRNA to form siRNA.
• The active antisense strand is loaded into a protein complex called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).
• siRNA-RISC complex guides the recognition of complementary mRNAs.
• siRNA-RISC complex binds to its target sequence of mRNA, and the mRNA is cleaved by Argonaute 2 (Ago) of the RISC, and then degraded, resulting in reduced protein expression from the silenced gene.

miRNA vs siRNA

Although microRNA (miRNA) and siRNA act within the general pathway of RNA interference, they have unique properties and modes of action. miRNAs are small RNA molecules that are endogenously expressed and encoded in the genome, that act through imperfect base-pairing with their target mRNAs to repress gene expression. In contrast, siRNAs are exogenous RNA molecules that are being re-introduced into the cell to specifically target and silence an individual gene with exact sequence complementarity. This widened targeting specificity makes siRNA particularly well suited for therapeutic purposes where strict regulation of gene expression is desired.

BOC Sciences' siRNA Service

At BOC Sciences, we pride ourselves on offering a comprehensive suite of siRNA services designed to meet the diverse needs of our clients:

Custom siRNA Design and Synthesis

• Tailored synthesis of siRNA sequences targeting specific genes of interest.
• Comprehensive modifications available to enhance stability, specificity, and efficacy.
• Flexible synthesis scales to accommodate various research requirements.

siRNA Profiling and Analysis

• Genome-wide siRNA microarray services for comprehensive gene expression profiling.
• Identification of novel siRNAs, determination of differentially expressed siRNAs, and characterization of siRNA-mRNA interactions.

Advanced Delivery Systems

• Development and optimization of delivery systems to overcome intracellular and extracellular barriers.
• Utilization of lipid-based, polymer-based, and nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for enhanced efficacy and safety.

siRNA Service Workflow

• Consultation and Project Design: A seasoned team of professionals is available to work with clients to comprehend their research goals in designing bespoke siRNA solutions.
• Experimental Execution: Using the latest tools and methods at our disposal, we conduct experiments with a high degree of care for fine details to make sure the results are as accurate and repeatable as possible.
• Data Analysis and Interpretation: Our bioinformatics experts analyze the data, giving a full interpretation on gene expression profiles, siRNA efficacy, and the exciting target alternatives.
• Reporting and Delivery: I We provide full analysis reports, detail all experimental findings and present informative suggestions for other research process or therapeutic development.

Why Choose BOC Sciences?

Expertise and Experience

Having been around for over two decades in the industry, BOC Sciences has accumulated a team of highly skilled professionals that have some of the best siRNA technology and gene therapy know-how.

Cutting-Edge Technologies

Our siRNA services provide the highest level of accuracy and efficacy by exploiting recent advances in biotechnology and bioinformatics.

Customized Solutions

This flexibility paired with our fill spectrum of services allows us to personalize solutions to the specific needs of each client, supporting their research or therapeutic goals to the fullest.

Quality Assurance

At BOC Sciences, we have always been dedicated to doing the most professional work and guarantee the detail of results.

Customer Satisfaction

We go well above and beyond to ensure that we not only meet, but exceed our clients' expectations and do everything in our power to deliver across any support or assistance our clients may need.

As a reliable long-term partner in the advancement of groundbreaking gene therapy solutions, BOC Sciences leverages years of experience, advanced technologies, and a dedication to excellence to provide a wide variety of siRNA services. Whether performing research that will increase our understanding of the world or outsourcing crucial decisions to develop potentially life-saving drugs, BOC Sciences is with you to pave the road to your made.

Case Study

pH-Responsive Nanoplatform Enables Efficient siRNA Delivery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

PHD/PLL/siRNA nanoplatform for siRNA delivery. (Shi, M.H.; et al, 2020)

This study developed a l-histidine- based multifunctional nanoplatform for robust delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The nanoplatform was composed of mPEG-PHis-PSD copolymer, dendritic poly-L-lysine (PLL), and PLK1 siRNA, enabling endo / lysosomal escape and intracellular siRNA release. Proton sponge effect of the PHis chain mediated effective endo/lysosomal escape and pH-responsive nature of the PSD fragment accelerated siRNA liberation. These excellent physicochemical characteristics of nanoplatform were further validated by in vitro studies which demonstrated super fast endo/lysosomal escape, resulting in superior cell internalization and rise in cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells as compared with conventional formulations. Furthermore, pH-induced dissociation and efficient endo/lysosomal escape mediated by the PHD copolymer were closely linked to both significant tumor growth inhibition and safety in vivo. These data suggest the PHD/PLL/siRNA nanoplatform is a promising gene delivery system for NSCLC treatment.

FAQ

1. How to design siRNA?

The siRNA should be designed from a unique and well-conserved region of the target mRNA, excluding secondary structures or repeat sequences. The siRNA sequence complements the target mRNA leading to mRNA degradation. Effective gene silencing requires the careful design of CRISPR targeting strategies, taking into account sequence specificity and potential off-target effects.

2. Where does siRNA come from?

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, either endogenous or created via chemical synthesis, that play a crucial role in the gene expression processes of an organism by systematically downregulating or silencing the activity of a gene. Dicer, an endoribonuclease, cleaves the dsRNA molecules into short sections of 20–25 bp called the siRNAs..

3. How does siRNA silence gene expression?

The binding of siRNA with its complementary mRNA silences gene expression. This binding in turn, recruits the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which cleaves the mRNA so that it cannot then be translated into protein. This system thereby silences a gene in a manner that is all-or-nothing.

4. What is RNAi?

RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring biological process in which small RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. It does this by counteracting its target mRNA molecules. RNAi is crucial in gene expression regulation and cellular antiviral defense.

5. What is the difference between shRNA and siRNA?

siRNA vs shRNA differ both in their structure and delivery of design. Though siRNA is just a small piece of double-stranded RNA that can be introduced directly into cells as a naked two-stranded piece, shRNA is a larger piece of RNA, containing a hairpin loop, in one way or another introduced by plasmids or viral vectors that will be processed into siRNA inside the cell. They are both meant to silence genes.

Reference

1. Shi, M.H.; et al. Stimuli-responsive release and efficient siRNA delivery in non-small cell lung cancer by a poly(l-histidine)-based multifunctional nanoplatform. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2020, 8: 1616-1628.

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