BOC Sciences has the expertise and capability to provide oligonucleotide modification services to clients worldwide. BOC Sciences' state-of-the-art facilities, advanced technology and experienced staff can provide you with a full range of modifications and labeling to meet your biological, diagnostic and drug discovery needs.
Base modifications can alter the quality and affect the structure of oligonucleotides, sometimes changing UV absorbance, molecular weight and melting temperature (Tm), base mismatch detection and oligonucleotide repair. Diverse base modifications provide many improvements for efficient, large-scale genome engineering and the application of nucleic acid therapeutics, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and small interfering RNA (siRNA).
DAPdR oligonucleotides can be used to improve the ability of oligonucleotides to hybridize to their targets because the strength of the 2-amino-A-thymine (T) base pair is comparable to that of the guanine: thymine (G: T) base pair, and these modified DNA analogs are commonly used to replace adenine (A) bases to increase the stability of primer duplexes. And for each additional DAPdR residue, the Tm of the duplex increases by 3oC compared to the unmodified case. DAPdR oligonucleotides also destabilize the A-G wobble mismatch, thereby increasing specificity.
The absence of the O6 carbonyl group of guanine produces 2-aminopurine (2-AP), a mildly fluorescent molecule that is an analogue of adenine and guanine and therefore can pair with thymine and cytosine bases.
4-Thio-Uridine (4SU) is a thiol-modified ribonucleoside that has the advantage of being incorporated into the RNA strand with minimal structural perturbation and similar base-pairing properties, reducing the possibility of substitution of RNA function. RNA pentamers modified with 4SU were used to investigate the role of this modification on the interaction of codons and tails at the tRNA wobble position.
5-Br-dC is classified as a halogenated nucleotide, which contributes to determination of DNA structure by X-ray crystallography. When incorporated into DNA strands, the multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) technique can be applied to obtain the phase information necessary to correctly calculate the electron density of the cell of the molecule under study.
EDTA-C2-dT is a deoxythymidine conjugated to the triacetic acid derivative of EDTA at the C-5 position of the thymidine base. EDTA-C2-dT modified oligonucleotides are commonly used as artificial nucleases to cleave single- and double-stranded DNA.
N3-methyldeoxycytosine (N3-Me-dC) is a methylated nucleoside base, which is mainly used to study the DNA damage and repair mechanism associated with alkylation damage.
deoxyguanosine (deaza G (7-deaza)) is a deoxyribonucleoside in which the 7-nitrogen (N7) of the base is replaced by C-H, which leaves the 7-deoxypurine monomer lacking a group essential for hydrogen bonding.
Oxo-Guanosine, which contains an oxidized guanosine, has been used in intracellular oxidative RNA damage and related RNA repair mechanisms.
| Backbone Modification | Modification code | Chemical formula | Molecular weight | Price |
| 2,6-Diaminopurine-2'-deoxyriboside (DAPdR) | Inquiry | |||
| 2-Amino Purine deoxyribose | 2APdR | C10H12N5O5P | 313.21 | Inquiry |
| 2-Amino Purine ribose | 2-APr | C10H12N5O6P | 329.21 | Inquiry |
| 4-Thio-Uridine | 4-S-U | C9H11N2O7PS | 322.23 | Inquiry |
| 5-bromo deoxycytosine (Br dC) | 5-Br-dC | C9H11BrN3O6P | 366.08 | Inquiry |
| EDTA 2'- deoxythymidine | EDTA-C2-dT | C24H33N6O15P | 676.53 | Inquiry |
| N3-Methyl deoxy Cytidine | m3dC | C10H15N3O4 | 241.24 | Inquiry |
| 7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine | deaza-7-dG | C11H13N4O6P | 328.22 | Inquiry |
| 8-Oxo-Guanosine | 8-Oxo-rG | C10H11N5O8P | 361.21 | Inquiry |
References
Base modification refers to altering the structure of the nucleotides in oligonucleotides to enhance properties like hybridization efficiency, stability, and specificity, providing critical improvements for applications like gene sequencing and genome engineering.
DAPdR enhances the stability of primer duplexes by increasing the Tm by 3°C for each added residue, improving hybridization with target sequences and minimizing base mismatches, particularly A-G wobble mismatches.
4-Thio-Uridine modification incorporates thiol groups into RNA strands without significantly disrupting base-pairing, making it valuable for studying codon-anticodon interactions in RNA and for investigating RNA structure and function.
5-Br-dC is a halogenated nucleotide used in X-ray crystallography to study DNA structure. It allows for multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) to calculate electron density maps and obtain phase information for DNA molecules.
7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine is used to replace guanine in oligonucleotides, improving specificity and reducing unwanted base pairing by removing the N7 nitrogen essential for hydrogen bonding, which enhances the stability of oligonucleotide sequences.
N3-Methyl deoxycytosine is used in DNA damage studies to examine alkylation-induced damage and its repair mechanisms, providing valuable insights into genetic damage and repair pathways.
Base modifications can increase the melting temperature (Tm) of oligonucleotides by improving base-pairing stability, enhancing hybridization strength, and allowing for tighter binding to complementary strands, which is crucial in applications like PCR and hybridization assays.
