Negative control gold nanoparticles

Product Name:

Negative control gold nanoparticles

CAT:

BRP-02401

Description:

Negative control gold nanoparticles refer to the gold nanoparticles used in experiments to assess their effects on cells or biological systems, serving as a reference material that does not induce biological responses or toxicity. The primary purpose of a negative control is to provide a baseline, allowing researchers to determine whether the biological effects observed with other experimental materials or chemicals are due to their inherent properties rather than experimental conditions or other factors.

The structure of gold nanoparticles (Dristant, Utkarsh, et al, 2023)

Citrate-stabilized AuNPs are considered effective negative controls because studies have shown that they do not significantly affect cellular metabolic activity or neurite outgrowth at specific concentrations. This means that in toxicology research, AuNPs can serve as a reliable control material, helping researchers better understand the potential impacts of other compounds or nanomaterials on cells. By comparing the effects of AuNPs with known chemicals (such as lithium), the negative control characteristics of AuNPs can validate the reliability and consistency of the experimental results.

The stability and performance of Negative Control Gold Nanoparticles are influenced by various factors, including surface modifications (e.g., ligand type and charge), environmental conditions (e.g., pH, ionic strength, and temperature), solvent properties (e.g., polarity and organic solvents), storage conditions (e.g., light exposure and oxidation), preparation methods (e.g., synthesis process and purification steps), particle characteristics (e.g., size and shape), biomolecular interactions (e.g., protein adsorption), and mechanical stress (e.g., stirring or sonication). To maintain their stability, these conditions must be optimized and properly characterized.

The Types of Negative Control Gold Nanoparticles

1. Citrate-stabilized AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles stabilized with citrate ions, which create a negatively charged surface. This charge helps prevent nanoparticle aggregation and provides moderate stability in aqueous solutions.
2. PEG-stabilized AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles stabilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) offer high biocompatibility and stability. They typically do not interact with cell surface proteins or nucleic acids, making them suitable as a negative control.
3. Silica-coated AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles coated with a silica shell. The silica layer reduces direct contact between the nanoparticle surface and biological molecules, thus minimizing biological effects.
4. BSA-stabilized AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles stabilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA coating prevents non-specific interactions with cellular components and is commonly used as a negative control in biological experiments.
5. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized AuNPs: Gold nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, offering excellent water solubility and reduced biological interactions, making them suitable as a negative control.

The Characteristics of Negative Control Gold Nanoparticles

1. Stability: AuNPs typically exhibit good stability in solution, helping to maintain their size and prevent aggregation, making them suitable for various applications.
2. Biocompatibility: They are generally considered biocompatible, which is crucial for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and diagnostics.
3. Ease of Functionalization: The surface of AuNPs can be easily modified with various biomolecules, enabling targeted delivery and enhanced interactions with biological systems.
4. Optical Properties: AuNPs possess unique optical properties, such as surface plasmon resonance, which can be utilized for imaging and sensing applications.
5. Non-toxicity: AuNPs do not induce significant cytotoxicity or oxidative stress, making them suitable as negative control materials in toxicological studies.

Product Parameters:

Diameter (1.8-1500 nm), OD50, Non-reactive, Buffer (stable from pH 4-9; 18MEG DI water, PBS, MES, Sodium Borate, TRIS), Volume (1mL, 5mL, 10mL and more), in vivo grade.

Storage:

Refrigerator.

Reference Reading:

1. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles as negative controls for measurements of neurite outgrowth

Jeerage, Kavita M., et al. Toxicology in Vitro 29.1 (2015): 187-194.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising candidates for medical diagnostics and therapeutics, due to their chemical stability, optical properties, and ease of functionalization. Citrate-stabilized reference materials also have potential as negative controls in toxicology studies of other nanoparticles. Here we examine the impact of 30 nm particles on the in vitro development of rat-cortex neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which mimic aspects of the developing neurological environment. AuNPs dispersed in a low-serum culture medium initially agglomerated, but then remained stable during a three day incubation period, and agglomerated only slightly during a ten day incubation period, as determined by dynamic light scattering. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the presence of individual nanoparticles at all timepoints examined. Fixed cells were cross-sectioned by ion milling and imaged by scanning electron microscopy and helium-ion microscopy to evaluate particle incorporation. Individual nanoparticles could be resolved inside cross-sectioned cells. AuNPs were incubated with developing NPCs for ten days at concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL Au, 0.1 μg/mL Au, or 0.05 μg/mL Au. Adenosine triphosphate levels, as determined by bioluminescence measurements sensitive to low cell numbers, were not affected by AuNPs and the particles did not interfere with the assay. Multiple endpoints of neurite outgrowth were not altered by AuNPs, in particular, total neurite outgrowth per cell, a sensitive measure of neuronal development. Slide-level comparisons demonstrated the consistent response of NPCs to gold nanoparticles and a positive control chemical, neuroactive lithium. These results indicate that 30 nm citrate-stabilized AuNPs could serve as negative-control reference materials for in vitro measurements of neurite outgrowth.

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Negative control gold nanoparticles

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