5'-DMT-A(PAC)-Suc-CPG; 500 Å (RNA)

This article considers how postacute care (PAC) facilities such as skilled nursing facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities and long-term care hospitals could represent an opportunity for outpatient surgical facilities to improve patient care. In order to understand how these facilities interact with outpatient surgical services, it is first necessary to understand the types of facilities that provide PAC. The significant costs associated with PAC have led to some proposed regulatory changes. Evidence examining postacute costs following total joint replacement has indicated that these costs may be decreased with cooperative efforts between perioperative physicians and PAC facilities. However, the lack of currently published data on the interaction between outpatient surgery and inpatient PAC facilities creates a need to explore how greater cooperation between these types of facilities could lead to improvements in patient care. PAC facilities are inpatient facilities focused on the rehabilitation of patients recovering from an acute illness or surgical intervention. This article seeks to provide ambulatory practitioners a fundamental understanding of PAC as a starting point for future collaborative efforts with PAC facilities; improving care for patients referred to and from PAC facilities for outpatient surgical care.

Neuronal transmission and communication are enabled by the interactions across multiple oscillatory frequencies. Phase amplitude coupling (PAC) quantifies these interactions during cognitive brain functions. PAC is defined as the modulation of the amplitude of the high frequency rhythm by the phase of the low frequency rhythm. Existing PAC measures are limited to quantifying the average coupling within a time window of interest. However, as PAC is dynamic, it is necessary to quantify time-varying PAC. Existing time-varying PAC approaches are based on using a sliding window approach. These approaches do not adapt to the signal dynamics, and thus the arbitrary selection of the window length substantially hampers PAC estimation. To address the limitations of sliding window PAC estimation approaches, in this paper, we introduce a dynamic PAC measure that relies on matching pursuit (MP). This approach decomposes the signal into time and frequency localized atoms that best describe the signal. Dynamic PAC is quantified by computing the coupling between these time and frequency localized atoms. As such, the proposed approach is data-driven and tracks the change of PAC with time. We evaluate the proposed method on both synthesized and real electroencephalogram (EEG) data. The results from synthesized data show that the proposed method detects the coupled frequencies and the time variation of the coupling correctly with high time and frequency resolution. The analysis of EEG data revealed theta-gamma and alpha-gamma PAC during response and post-response time intervals.

Abstract:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Despite multiple advances in targeted and immune therapies, the 5-year survival in advanced PAC remains poor. In this review, we discuss some of the unique aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PAC that may contribute to its resistance to immune therapies, as well as opportunities to potentially overcome some of these inherent barriers. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to enable immune therapies in PAC such as cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, cancer vaccines, cytokine based therapy, oncolytic viruses, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Finally, we address a variety of targeted therapies as a strategy to further amplify immune responses in PAC.